GIFT    OF 
JANE  K.SATHER 


ORGANIZATION,    OBJECTS, 


AND 


PLAN    OF    OPERATIONS, 


OF    THE 


Cwnpang: 


ALSO 


A   DESCRIPTION   OF   KANZAS, 


FOR   THE  INFORMATION  OF  EMIGRANTS. 


THIRD'  EDITION,    WITH    ADDITIONS. 


BOSTON: 

PRINTED    BY    ALFRED    MUDGE    &    SON, 

No.   21    School    Street. 

1854. 


M4- 


trustees, 

AMOS  A.  LAWRENCE,  BOSTON. 
J.  M.  S.  WILLIAMS,   CAMBRIDGE. 
ELI  THAYEE,  WORCESTER. 

treasurer. 
AMOS  A.  LAWRENCE,  BOSTON. 


THOMAS    H.    WEBB,  BOSTON. 

SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. — At  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society's  Rooms, 
over  the  Institution  for  Savings,  next  door  south  of  the  Museum,  Tremont 
Street,  Boston. 


D^=  Since  the  publication  of  the  former  editions  of  the  following  pamphlet, 
modifications  have  been  made  in  the  plan  of  operations,  suggested  by  the  ex- 
perience gained  in  the  progress  of  business.  The  number  of  persons  from 
the  New  England  and  other  free  States,  desirous  of  going  out  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Company,  has  been  so  large,  that  it  has  not  been  deemed  necessa- 
ry to  use  special  efforts  to  introduce  any  foreign  emigrants  into  the  two  new 
territories,  nor  does  it  appear  probable  that  such  a  necessity  will  arise  at  pres- 
ent, nor  until  the  basis  of  society  shall  have  been  formed.  Neither  has  it  been 
possible,  as  yet,  to  devote  much  attention  to  preventing  the  frauds  practised  on 
foreign  emigrants. 

Much  valuable  and  accurate  information  has  been  received  from  the  agents 
of  the  Society,  now  in  Kanzas,  and  from  individuals  already  settled  there,  in- 
cluding members  of  the  parties  who  have  lately  gone  from  New  England ;  in 
fact,  letters  are  often  received  at  the  Secretary's  Office,  which  have  been 
written  in  Kanzas  the  week  before.  Persons  are  frequently  returning  to  take 
out  their  families,  all  of  whom  conciir  in  representing  the  country  as  a  desira- 
ble residence,  and  as  being  rapidly  occupied  by.a  hardy  and  industrious  native 
population. 


EMIGRANT   AID    COMPANY. 


For  the  purpose  of  answering  numerous  inquiries,  concerning 
the  plan  of  operation  of  the  Emigrant  Aid  Company,  and  the 
resources  of  Kanzas  Territory,  which  it  is  proposed  now  to  set- 
tle, the  Secretary  of  the  Company  has  deemed  it  expedient  to 
publish  the  following  definite  information  in  regard  to  these 
particulars : 

I.     THE   COMPANY'S   OBJECTS  AND   PLANS.* 

The  objects  of  this  Association  are  apparent  in  its  name. 

The  immense  emigration  to  America  from  Europe  introduces 
into  our  ports  a  ver}^  large  number  of  persons  eager  to  pass 
westward.  The  fertility  of  our  western  regions,  and  the  cheap- 
ness of  the  public  lands,  induce  many  of  the  native  born  citizens 
of  the  old  States  also  to  emigrate  thither.  At  the  present  time 
public  and  social  considerations  of  the  gravest  character  render 
it  desirable  to  settle  the  territories  west  of  Missouri  and  Iowa  ; 
and  these  considerations  are  largely  increasing  the  amount  of 
westward  emigration. 

The  foreign  arrivals  in  America,  last  year,  were  400,777.  In 
the  same  year,  the  emigration  to  Western  States,  of  Americans 
and  foreigners,  must  have  amounted  to  much  more  than  200,000 
persons.  The  emigration  thither,  this  year,  will  be  larger  still. 
And  from  the  older  Westem  States  large  numbers  are  removing 
into  new  territory. 

Persons  who  are  familiar  with  the  course  of  movement  of  this 
large  annual  throng  of  emigrants,  know  that  under  the  arrange- 
ments now  existing  they  suffer  at  every  turn.  The  frauds  prac- 
tised upon  them  by  "runners  "  and  other  agents  of  transporting 
lines  in  the  State  of  New  York,  amount  to  a  stupendous  system 

*This  paper,  on  the  plan  of  operations,  is  the  Report  of  the  Committee  of 
those  named  in  the  Act  of  Incorporation.  It  was  made  in  May,  1854,  and  is 
signed  "£LI  THAYER,  for  the  Committee." 


394212 


of  knavery :  which  has  not  been  broken  up  even  by  the  patient 
endeavors  of  the  State  officers,  and  by  very  stringent  State  legis- 
lation. The  complete  ignorance.as  to  our  customs  in  which  the 
foreign  emigrant  finds  himself,  and  in  more  than  half  the  for- 
eign emigration,  his  complete  ignorance  of  our  language,  sub- 
jects him  to  every  fraud,  and  to  constant  accident.  It  is  in 
the  face  of  every  conceivable  inconvenience,  that  the  Country 
receives  every  year  four  hundred  thousand  foreigners  into  its 
seaports,  and  sends  the  larger  portion  of  them  to  its  Western 
Country. 

The  inconveniences  and  dangers  to  health  to  which  the 
pioneer  is  subject  who  goes  out  alone  or  with  his  family,  only 
in  making  a  new  settlement,  are  familiar  to  every  American. 

The  Emigrant  Aid  Company  has  been  formed  to  PROTECT  EMI- 
GRANTS, as  far  as  may  be,  from  such  inconveniences.  Its  duty 
is  to  organize  emigration  to  the  West  and  bring  it  into  a  system. 
This  duty,  which  should  have  been  attempted  long  ago,  is  par- 
ticularly essential  now,  in  the  critical  position  of  the  western 
territories. 

It  has  been  decided  to  execute  a  deed  of  trust  in  lieu  of  the 
charter  granted  by  the  Legislature,  and  it  is  believed  that  by 
an  immediate  subscription  to  this  fund  of  two  hundred  thous- 
and dollars  the  emigrant  may  be  protected :  a  free  State  may 
be  secured  to  the  lasting  advantage  of  the  Country ;  and  possi- 
bly a  valuable  property  secured  to  the  subscribers. 

The  emigrant  suffers  whenever  he  goes  alone  into  his  new 
home.  He  suffers  from  the  frauds  of  others — from  his  own  ig- 
norance of  the  system  of  travel ;  and  of  the  country  where  he 
settles ;  and,  again,  from  his  want  of  support  from  neighbors — 
which  results  in  the  impossibility  of  any  combined  assistance, 
or  of  any  division  of  labor. 

The  Emigrant  Aid  Company  will  relieve  him  from  all  these 
embarrassments,  by  sending  out  emigrants  in  companies,  and 
establishing  them  in  considerable  numbers.  They  will  locate 
these  where  they  please  on  arrival  in  their  new  home,  and  re- 
ceive from  government  their  titles.  The  Company  propose  to 
carry  them  to  their  homes  more  cheaply  than  they  could  other- 
wise go — to  enable  them  to  establish  themselves  with  the  least 
inconvenience,  and  to  provide  the  most  important  prime  necessi- 
ties of  a  new  colony.  It  will  provide  shelter  and  food  at  the 
lowest  prices  after  the  arrival  of  emigrants,  while  they  make  the 
arrangements  necessary  for  their  new  homes.  It  will  render 
all  the  assistance  which  the  information  of  its  agents  can  give. 
And,  .by  establishing  emigrants  in  large  numbers  in  the  terri- 


torios,  it  will  give  them  the  power  of  using  at  once  those  social 
influences  which  radiate  from  the  church,  the  school,  and  the 
press,  in  the  organization  and  development  of  a  community. 

For  these  purposes,  it  is  recommended,  1st,  that  the  Trus- 
tees contract  immediately  with  some  one  of  the  competing  lines 
of  travel  for  the  conveyance  of  20,000  persons 'from  Massachu- 
setts, to  that  place  in  the  West  which  the  Trustees  shall  select 
for  their  first  settlement. 

It  is  believed  that  passage  may  be  obtained,  in  so  large  a 
contract,  at  a  much  less  price  than  that  paid  by  individuals. 
We  recommend  that  emigrants  receive  the  full  advantage  of  this 
diminution  of  price,  and  that  they  be  forwarded  in  companies 
of  two  hundred,  as  they  apply,  at  these  reduced  rates  of  travel. 

2nd.  It  is  recommended  that  at  such  points  as  the  Trustees 
select  for  places  of  settlement,  they  shall  at  once  construct  a 
boarding  house  or  receiving  house — in  whfch  three  hundred 
persons  may  receive  temporary  accommodation  on  their  arrival, 
and  that  the  number  of  such  houses  be  enlarged  as  necessity 
may  d:ctate.  The  new  comers  or  their  families  may  thus  be 
provided  for,  in  the  necessary  interval  which  elapses  while  they 
are  making  their  selection  of  a  location. 

3d.  It  is  recommended  that  the  Trustees  procure  and  send 
forward  steam  saw  mills,  grist  mills,  and  such  other  machines 
as  shall  be  of  constant  service  in  a  new  settlement, — which 
cannot  however  be  purchased  or  carried  out  conveniently  by 
individual  settlers.  These  machines  may  be  leased  or  run  by 
the  Company's  agents.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  desirable  that 
a  printing  press  be  sent  out,  and  a  weekly  newspaper  estab- 
lished. This  would  be  the  organ  of  the  Company's  agents : — 
would  extend  information  regarding  its  settlement,  and  be  from 
the  very  first,  an  index  of  that  love  of  freedom  and  of  good 
morals,  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  may  characterize  the  State  now 
to  be  formed. 

4th.  It  is  recommended  that  the  Company's  agents  locate,  and 
take  up  for  the  Company's  benefit  the  sections  of  land  in  which 
the  boarding  houses  and  mills  are  located, — and  no  others. 
And  further,  that  whenever  the  territory  shall  be  organized  as 
a  free  State,  the  Trustees  shall  dispose  of  all  its  interests 
there,  replace  by  the  sales  the  money  laid  out,  declare  a  divi- 
dend to  the  Stockholders ; — and 

5th.  That  they  then  select  a  new  field,  and  make  similar  ar- 
rangements for  the  settlement  and  organization  of  another  free 
State  of  this  Union. 


6 

With  the  advantages  attained  by  such  a  system  of  ef- 
fort, the  Territory  selected  as  the  scene  of  operations,  would, 
it  is  believed,  at  once  fill  up  with  free  inhabitants.  There  is 
reason  to  suppose  that  several  thousand  men  of  New  England 
origin,  propose  to  emigrate  under  the  auspices  of  some  such  ar- 
rangement this  very  summer.  Of  the  whole  emigration  from 
Europe, — amounting  to  some  400,000  persons,  there  can  be  no 
difficulty  in  inducing  thirty  or  forty  thousand  to  take  the  same 
direction.  Applications  from  German  agents  have  already  been 
made  to  members  of  the  Company,  We  have  also  intimations 
in  correspondence  from  the  free  States  of  the  West,  of  a  wide 
spread  desire  there  among  those  who  know  what  it  is  to  settle 
a  new  country  to  pass  on,  if  such  an  organization  can  be  made 
into  that  now  thrown  open.  An  emigrant  party  of  those  in- 
tending to  go  has  been  formed  in  Worcester  County,  and  others 
in  other  States. 

In  view  of  the  establishment  by  such  agencies  of  a  new  Free 
State  in  that  magnificent  region,  it  is  unnecessary  to  dwell  in 
detail  on  the  advantages  which  this  enterprise  holds  out  to  the 
Country  at  large. 

It  determines  in  the  right  way  the  institutions  of  the  unset- 
tled Territories,  in  less  time  than  the  discussion  of  them  has 
required  in  Congress.  It  opens  to  those  who  are  in  want  in  the 
Eastern  States,  a  home  and  a  competence,  without  the  suffering 
hitherto  incident  to  emigration.  Tor  the  Company  is  the 
pioneer, — and  provides,  before  the  settler  arrives,  the  conven- 
iences which  he  first  requires.  Such  a  removal  of  an  over- 
crowded population,  is  one  of  the  greatest  advantages  to  Eastern 
cities.  Again,  the  enterprise  opens  commercial  advantages  to 
the  commercial  States,  just  in  proportion  to  the  population 
which  it  creates,  of  free  men  who  furnish  a  market  to  our  man- 
ufactures and  imports.  Whether  the  new  line  of  States  shall  be 
Free  States  or  Slave  States,  is  a  question  deeply  interesting  to 
those  who  are  to  provide  the  manufactures  for  their  consump- 
tion. Especially  will  it  prove  an  advantage  to  Massachusetts, 
if  she  create  the  new  State  by  her  foresight — supply  the  Jirst 
necessities  to  its  inhabitants — and  open,  in  the  outset,  commu- 
nications between  their  homes  and  her  ports  and  factories. 

In  return  for  these  advantages,  which  the  Company's  rapid 
and  simple  effort  affords  to  the  emigrant  and  to  the  country,  its 
Stockholders  receive  that  satisfaction,  ranked  by  Lord  Bacon 
among  the  very  highest,  of  becoming  founders  of  States,*  and 

*  See  Mr.  Everett's  Speech  on  the  Nebraska  Bill. 


more  than  this, — States  which  are  prosperous  and  free.  They 
secure  satisfaction  by  an  investment  which  promises  large  re- 
turns at  no  distant  day. 

Under  the  plan  proposed,  it  will  be  but  two  or  three  years 
before  the  Company  can  dispose  of  its  property  in  the  Territory 
first  occupied — and  reimburse  itself  for  its  first  expenses.  At 
that  time, — in  a  State  of  70,000  inhabitants,  it  will  possess 
several  reservations  of  640  acres  each, — on  which  its  boarding 
houses  and  mills  stand, — and  the  churches  and  school  houses 
which  it  has  rendered  necessary.  From  these  centres  will  the 
settlements  of  the  State  have  radiatedi  In  other  words,  these 
points  will  then  be  the  large  commercial  positions  of  the  new 
State.  If  there  were  only  one  such, — its  value,  after  the  region 
should  be  so  far  peopled,  would  make  a  very  large  dividend  to 
the  Company  which  sold  it,  besides  restoring  its  original  capital, 
with  which  to  enable  it  to  attempt  the  same  adventure  else- 
where. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  all  accounts  agree  that  the  re- 
gion of  Kanzas  is  the  most  desirable  part  of  America  now  open 
to  the  emigrant.  It  is  accessible  in  seven  days  continuous 
travel  from  Boston.  Its  crops  are  very  bountiful, — its  soil 
being  well  adapted  to  the  staples  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky, 
and  especially  to  the  growth  of  hemp.  In  its  eastern  section 
the  woodland  and  prairie-land  intermix  in  proportions,  very  well 
adapted  for  the  purposes  of  the  settler.  Its  mineral  resources, 
especially  its  coal,  in  the  central  and  Western  parts,  are  inex- 
haustible. A  steamboat  is  already  plying  on  the  Kanzas  river, 
and  the  Territory  has  uninterrupted  steamboat  communication 
with  New  Orleans,  and  all  the  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  All  the  overland  emigration  to  California  and  Oregon, 
by  any  of  the  easier  routes,  passes  of  necessity  through  its 
limits.  Whatever  roads  are  built  westward  must  begin  in  its 
Territory.  For  it  is  here  that  the  emigrant  leaves  the  Missouri 
river.  Of  late  years  the  demand  for  provisions  and  breadstuff's 
made  by  emigrants  proceeding  to  California,  has  given  to  the 
inhabitants  of  the  neighboring  parts  of  Missouri  a  market,  at 
as  good  rates  as  they  could  have  found  in  the  Union. 

It  is  impossible  that  such  a  region  should  not  fill  up  rapidly. 
The  Emigrant  Aid  Company  proposes  to  give  confidence  to  set- 
tlers, by  giving  system  to  emigration.  By  dispelling  the  fears 
that  Kanzas  will  be  a  slave  State, — the  Company  will  remove 
the  only  bar  which  now  hinders  its  occupation  by  free  settlers. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  similar  companies  will  be  formed  in  other 
free  States.  The  enterprise  is  of  that  character,  that  for  those 
who  first  enter  it,  the  more  competition  the  better. 


8 

It  is  recommended  that  the  first  settlement  made  by  the 
Trustees,  shall  receive  the  name  of  that  city  in  this  Common- 
wealth which  shall  have  subscribed  most  liberally  to  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Company,  in  proportion  to  its  last  decennial  valua- 
tion; and  that  the  second  settlement  be  named  from  the  city 
next  in  order  so  subscribing. 

II.     BESOUKCES  OF  KANZAS. 

The  Secretary  is  constantly  receiving  Letters  from  various 
sections  of  the  Country,  asking  for  information  respecting  the 
Kanzas  Territory;  such  as,  what  may  be  the  nature  of  the 
soil,  the  temperature  of  the  region,  the  facilities  of  access  to  it, 
the  navigableness  of  its  streams,  the  state  of  the  seasons  as 
compared  with  our  own,  the  means  of  procuring  provisions,  ag- 
ricultural implements,  &c. 

The  Emigrant  Company  has  now  several  agents  in  Kanzas, 
ascertaining  its  resources,  both  mineral  and  agricultural,  for 
the  purpose  of  aiding  in  making  judicious  selections  of  localities 
for  settlement.  This  information  and  all  other  of  general  in- 
terest relating  to  this  Territory,  will,  from  time  to  time,  be 
made  public. 

In  the  mean  while,  at  the  request  of  the  Trustees,  the  Secre- 
tary has  selected,  from  the  correspondence  on  file,  several  arti- 
cles of  general  interest.  The  first  of  these,  "Notes,"  &c.,  was 
received  from  its  author,  Mr.  Park,*  who  made  a  trip  up  the 
Kanzas  river,  in  June  last,  for  the  express  purpose  of  acquiring, 
by  personal  observation  and  careful  research,  that  definite  in- 
formation, so  all  important  for  the  immigrant  to  possess.  A 
correspondent  states  that  Mr.  P.  "  has  had  long  experience  on 
the  frontier,  and  in  the  course  of  his  narrative  gives  his  obser- 
vations on  the  soil,  and  his  notices  of  the  timbered  portion  of 

*  The  senior  editor  of  the  Industrial  Luminary,  a  weekly  paper,  published 
at  $2  per  annum,  in  advance,  at  Parkville,  Platte  Co.,  Missouri.  Mr.  P. 
promises  to  communicate  further  with  the  public,  through  the  medium  of  this 
paper,  and  to  furnish  intelligence  on  a  great  variety  of  topics,  which  will  be 
interesting  to  those  who  contemplate  removing  to  the  Territory  referred  to. 


the  country,  and  the  spots  best  adapted  for  locations,  town 
sites,  &c." 

Upon  a  careful  perusal  of  the  "Notes,"  and  a  comparison 
thereof,  with  other  materiel  which  has  appeared,  they  are  found 
fraught  with  information,  such  as  is  now  eagerly  sought  after, 
much  greater  in  amount,  more  graphically  communicated,  and 
condensed  in  less  space  than  can  readily  be  found  elsewhere ;  it 
is  therefore  thought  no  better  service  can  be  done  to  the  thous- 
ands whose  attention  is  now  directed  Kanzas-wise,  than  by 
causing  them  to  be  issued  in  a  convenient  pamphlet  form. 

"NOTES  OF  A  TRIP   UP  KANZAS   RIVER,  INCLUDING 
OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  SOIL,  CLIMATE,  SCENERY,  &c. 

BY  GEO.  S.  PARK. 

In  compliance  with  an  invitation  from  Capt.  Baker  and  C. 
A.  Perry,  Esq.,  the  enterprising  owners  of  the  fine  little  steamer 
'Excel,'  we  stepped  on  board  at  Parkville,  on  Friday,  16th 
June,  as  one  of  the  pleasure  party  up  the  I£anzas  and  Smoky 
Hill  Rivers.  And  here  let  us  say  that  too  much  praise  cannot 
be  awarded  to  these  gentlemen  for  the  successful  efforts  they 
have  made  and  are  still  making,  to  find  the  channel  and  estab- 
lish the  navigation  of  the  Kanzas  River;  they  have  already 
accomplished  some  half  dozen  successive  trips  to  Fort  Riley ; 
have  delivered  there  all  necessary  government  freight,  with  a 
speed,  care,  and  a  saving  of  expense,  hitherto  unknown ;  and 
they  have  further  concluded  to  keep  their  fleet  little  craft  on 
that  river,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  settlers  in  reaching,  with 
comfort  and  convenience,  the  places  of  their  destination  in  the 
beautiful  Kanzas  country,  so  long  as  the  stage  of  water  will 
admit.  This  resolve  of  theirs  is  good,  and  will  be  at  once 
profitable  as  a  business  arrangement,  and  well-timed  as  an 
immense  convenience  to  immigrants.  We  do  cordially  wish 
them,  as  the  pioneers  of  steamboat  navigation  in  this  gem  of 
the  far-west, — KANZAS, — all  the  honor,  and  all  the  profit  to 
which  their  industry  and  enterprise  so  richly  entitle  them. 

Our  party  was   a  most    agreeable  one;    consisting   of  Dr. 
Hammond,    U.  S.  A.,  and  lady — Miss  Nisbet  of  Philadelphia, 

sister  of  Mrs.  Hammond — Mrs.  Perry  and  Mrs.  Baker,  with 
o 


10 

their  families — Mr.  Mills,  Paymaster's  Clerk, — Mr.  Castleman 
of  Delaware — Mr.  Murdoch  of  New  York — Mr.  McCann  of  Vir- 
ginia— and  our  gentlemanly  officers,  Messrs.  Baker,  Perry,  and 
Dixon.  The  excursionists  were  not  numerous ;  there  were, 
however,  enough  to  constitute  an  agreeable  and  pleasant  com- 
pany. The  ladies  of  our  party  were  the  first  who  have  sailed 
up  this  beautiful  river  of  the  Prairies. 

Casting  loose  from  the  landing  at  Parkville,  we  passed  rap- 
idly down  to  Kanzas  City ;  and,  late  the  same  evening,  leaving 
the  eddying  waters  of  the  'Mad  Missouri,'  turning  her  prow 
towards  the  setting  sun,  heading  gaily  towards  the  Rocky 
mountains,  the  '  Excel '  was  steaming  at  a  fine  rate  up  the 
Kanzas.  It  is  more  than  600  yards  wide  at  the  mouth.  The 
water  of  this  river  is  mixed  with  a  sandy  sediment,  like  the 
Missouri  ;  but  it  is  freer  from  snags,  the  banks  are  less  liable 
to  wash  and  fall  in,  and  the  current  is  not  nearly  so  rapid. 
Tor  the  first  hundred  miles  or  so,  its  average  width  will  reach 
600  yards ;  from  Pattawatomie  to  Big  Blue,  400  yards ;  from 
Big  Blue  to  Fort  Biley,  200  yards.  The  Pawnee  or  Republican, 
and  Smoky  Hill  forks,  are  scarcely  100  yards  wide.  The 
Smoky  Hill  is  the  narrowest  and  deepest.  Below  Uniontown 
(about  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles,  by  water,  from  the  Mis- 
souri River,)  the  Kanzas  is  quite  straight,  but  above  that  point, 
it  is  crooked.  It  will  be  a  good  navigable  river  for  two  cfr  three 
months  in  each  year — perhaps  for  three  or  four  in  wet  seasons ; 
penetrating  westward,  as  it  does,  into  the  heart  of  the  Conti- 
nent, it  therefore  must  become  most  important  in  a  commercial 
point  of  view. 

Some  of  our  company  joined  us  at  Delaware.  Above  that 
place  the  land  is  heavily  timbered  on  both  sides  of  the  river — 
with  some  wide,  high  bottoms  on  either  bank,  consisting  of 
high,  dry,  rich  alluvion.  Every  five  or  six  miles  in  this  region 
we  passed  fine  bluifs  on  the  river ;  and  on  our  right,  immedi- 
ately below  the  mouth  of  '  Stranger,'  there  is  a  beautiful  one, 
with  open  woods,  and  high,  rolling  prairie  in  the  background. 
Just  above  the  junction  of  that  stream  with  the  Kanzas  River, 
there  is  a  great  bend,  like  a  horse-shoe,  where  a  tract  of  excel- 
lent, high  bottom  land  can  be  easily  inclosed  by  a  short  fence 
across  the  neck.  On  the  south  side  of  the  river,  opposite  that 
bend,  there  is  a  pretty  town  site,  rising  gradually  back  from 
the  edge  of  the  water — the  plat  covered  with  grass  and  scatter- 
ing timber,  forming  a  green  lawn  backed  with  high  prairies. 
In  this  neighborhood  the  shore  is  rocky.  We  passed  a  bald 
bluff  on  the  north,  with  a  rich  bottom  on  the  south  side,  and  a 


11 

high,  open  lawn  in  the  rear.  A  little  farther  on,  the  elevated 
prairies  strike  the  river,  giving  a  charming  variety  to  the 
scenery — while  on  the  north  are  extended  bottoms  of  rich  tim- 
bered land. 

In  this  vicinity  we  saw  many  Indians  along  the  banks  ;  we 
also  passed  a  grape  thicket,  in  the  bottom,  spread  over  several 
thousands  of  acres — while  just  above,  on  our  right,  rose  a  rocky 
bluff,  covered  with  open  woods.  A  little  way  above  this,  Sugar 
Creek  empties  into  the  Kanzas,  from  the  right ;  and  a  little 
farther  up,  there  is  a  low  bluff — a  short  distance  beyond,  there 
being  another  fine  grape  thicket,  and  rich  walnut  bottom.  On 
the  right  side  of  the  river  coal  has  been  found ;  and  here,  again, 
rises  a  beautiful  undulating  eminence,  affording  a  magnificent 
site  for  a  town,  on  the  height  there  being  open  woods,  and  a  fine 
prairie  about  a  mile  back. 

On  the  left,  a  short  distance  above,  the  Wakarusa  flows  in — 
a  considerable  stream,  with  good  timber  for  some  way  back. 
Below  the  mouth  there  is  a  good  bluff,  and  behind  are  the 
Wakarusa  settlements.  Here  the  Methodist  Church  (North) 
have  a  mission.  Coal  has  also  been  discovered  above  the 
Wakarusa.  The  Shawnees  have  sold,  without  reserve,  all  their 
lands  in  this  direction  ;  and  the  whole  country  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Kanzas,  above,  on  its  waters  (except  a  strip  five  miles 
wide,  and  thirty  miles  long,  owned  by  the  Pattawatomies,)  is 
now  open  to  settlement.  There  will  probably  be  some  vacant 
lands  below,  after  the  Shawnees  have  made  their  selections. 

In  this  connection  it  may  properly  be  remarked,  that  the 
Wyandots  own  thirty-nine  sections  in  the  forks  of  the  Kanzas 
and  Missouri  rivers.  The  Delawares,  by  their  recent  treaty, 
reserve  a  strip  ten  miles  wide  and  forty  miles  long,  running  up 
nearly  to  the  mouth  of  the  Grasshopper.  The  Kanzas  Indians, 
too,  have  a  reservation  twenty-two  miles  long,  by  one  mile  wide, 
north  of  the  river,  below  Pattawatomie ;  while  the  Pattawato- 
mies have  thirty  miles  square,  partly  on  each  side  of  the 
Kanzas — and  the  Kickapoos  hold  a  small  reserve  near  the  head 
of  Grasshopper.  All  the  balance  of  the  vast  regions,  drained 
by  the  Kanzas  river  and  its  tributaries  are  now  open  for  settle- 
ment, and  will  soon  arrest  the  attention  of  the  enterprising  set- 
tlers. 

On  both  sides  of  the  river,  above  the  Wakarusa,  there  are 
excellent  bottom  lands  ;  and,  a  short  way  beyond  these,  another 
fine  site  for  a  town  presents  itself  on  the  north  side — while 
still  farther  up  on  the  south  bank,  the  high  prairie  comes  right 
down  to  the  water's  edge,  presenting  another  appropriate  place, 


12 

where  the  busy  hum  of  commerce  may  by  and  by  speak  the 
presence  of  a  city.  Here  we  saw  numerous  cabins  of  settlers ; 
and  away,  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  in  a  southwesterly  di- 
rection, the  prairies  were  high  and  rolling  like  the  waves  of 
Old  Ocean.  Southward,  beautiful  groves  dot  the  prairie,  and 
the  dark  line  of  timber  that  stretches  along  the  Wakarusa  val- 
ley— with  the  great  Prairie-mound,  so  to  speak,  fixed  there  as 
the  land  mark  of  perpetual  beauty — the  meandering  river,  with 
its  dark  skirting  forests  of  timber  on  the  north — all  are  scenes 
in  Nature's  magnificent  Panorama,  here  brought  within  range 
of  vision.  Proceeding  north,  high  rich  bottoms  extend  for 
many  miles,  and  we  saw  vast  thickets  of  grape-vines,  pea- 
vines,  raspberries,  and  pawpaws.  The  timber  was  principally 
oak,  walnut,  ash,  hickory,  mulberry,  hackberry,  linden,  cotton- 
wood,  and  coffee-bean. 

A  few  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Grasshopper,  on  the 
north,  the  prairie  undulates  gradually  back  from  the  river  as 
far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  At  its  confluence  with  the  Kanzas, 
there  is  on  the  opposite  shore,  a  beautiful  bluff;  and  between 
the  Grasshopper  and  Mud  Creek,  there  is  a  prairie  bottom 
where  pioneers  Avere  making  claims.  Capt.  Baker  thinks  that 
from  this  point  to  the  mouth  of  the  Kanzas  is  a  distance  of 
80  miles  by  the  river. 

For  the  next  twenty  miles  the  country  in  our  course  pre- 
sented the  same  general  features  as  those  just  given — on  both 
sides,  alternating  prairie  and  timber,  all  capable  of  settlement. 
We  passed  Mr.  Stinson's  ferry  ;  his  house  and  farm  are  very 
picturesquely  situated  on  an  eminence  where  the  upland  and 
prairies  come  down  to  the  river. 

About  one  hundred  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Kanzas  (by 
Capt.  Baker's  estimate)  we  passed,  on  the  north  side,  a  fine 
bluff  with  clumps  of  trees  on  the  top,  rich  rolling  prairie  in  the 
background,  and  heavy  timber  above  and  below.  A  little  far- 
ther up,  on  the  left  bank,  a  high  prairie  bottom  comes  in, 
which  swells  gracefully  away  southward,  with  copes  of  timber, 
presenting  to  the  enraptured  pioneer  sites  for  the  choicest 
farms.  Settlements  are  being  made  there  on  both  sides  of  the 
river. 

Passing  onward,  we  come  to  the  mouth  of  Soldier  Creek, 
which  has  its  rise  far  up  north,  and  gives  variety  to  the  land- 
scape by  its  dark  line  of  fringing  timber.  We  next  saw  Pap- 
pan's  Ferry.  His  house  is  on  the  right,  in  a  fine  timbered 
bottom  ;  while  on  the  south,  high  prairies,  such  as  we  have 
already  noticed,  come  down  to  the  river.  Here  we  crossed  the 


13 

Pattawatomie  line,  about  one  hundred  and  fifteen  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Kanzas.  Timber,  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  were 
next  passed — the  prairie  bluffs,  on  the  south,  about  one  hundred 
feet  high — soon  after  which,  we  reached  the  Great  Crossing. 
There  are  three  ferries  together — with  Pattawatomie  settle- 
ments, stores,  and  the  Baptist  School  and  Mission  on  the  south 
side ;  and,  every  few  miles  beyond,  there  was  the  same  succes- 
sion of  groves  and  prairie  on  either  hand,  presenting  unequalled 
situations  for  farms. 

Uniontown  was  next  seen.  It  is  made  up  of  about  twenty 
log  cabins,  and  is  situated  on  the  south  bank,  about  a  mile  from 
the  river.  Steaming  onward,  we  passed  Red  Bluffs  and  Dar- 
ling's Ferry ;  and  a  little  farther  beyond  is  Mill  Creek,  a  con- 
siderable stream,  on  which  the  Pattawatomies  have  erected  a 
mill.  The  soil  here  is  of  a  red  mulatto  color,  and  is  very  pro- 
ductive ;  up  this  little  river  we  saw  fine  groves  of  timber,  and 
many  high  mounds,  forming  scenery  of  surpassing  beauty. 

Above  Mill  Creek,  on  the  south,  we  passed  an  excellent  prai- 
rie town  site.  A  little  farther,  on  the  same  side,  there  are 
lofty  banks  of  red  marl,  with  high  prairie  in  the  rear.  We  saw 
a  large  band  of  Indians  who  had  been  holding  a  council  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  here  the  carcase  of  a  huge  buffalo  floated 
past.  Again  we  had  the  rich  bottoms  and  prairies  on  either 
side  of  us ;  and  when  we  could  withdraw  our  gaze  from  the 
country  near  by,  we  caught  glimpses  of  the  splendid  portions 
stretching  away  far  beyond.  Coming  to  an  Indian  wood  yard, 
fifteen  cords  of  wood  were  taken  on  board,  for  which  was  paid 
the  sum  of  $37,50.  This  is  a  new  employment,  as  well  as  a 
profitable  one  for  the  red  men ;  and  the  owners  promised  to 
have  fifteen  or  twenty  cords  more  ready  by  the  time  the  steamer 
returned.  Our  fine  little  craft  was  a  most  interesting  sight  to 
most  of  them ;  and  she  was  examined  from  the  bank  by  over  a 
hundred,  whom  curiosity  had  drawn  together  to  see  what  had 
made  such  a  shrill  whistle  !  They  were  very  animated ;  and 
commerce  may  yet  infuse  industrious  habits  into  many  of  the 
Indian  race. 

About  a  mile  farther  up,  and  a  little  back  from  the  river,  is 
the  Catholic  Mission.  Skimming  along  for  about  twenty-five 
miles  farther,  we  reached  the  mouth  of  Vermillion  Elver,  empty- 
ing from  the  north,  the  timber  on  its  banks  forming  a  dark  line 
through  the  landscape  for  many  miles  along  its  course.  Two 
miles  or  so,  above,  we  passed  the  western  Pattawatomie  line — 
supposed  to  be  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles,  by  water, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  river. 


H 

And  from  this  western  line,  let  it  be  remarked,  all  the  coun- 
try westward  and  northward  is  open  for  settlement. 

From  this  boundary  to  its  mouth,  the  Kanzas  River  presses 
on  the  southern  bank,  touching  the  uplands  every  four  or  five 
miles  ;  while  on  the  north  side,  from  a  point  just  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Blue,  down  some  fifty  miles,  there  is  a  continuous 
bottom,  four  or  five  miles  wide — larger  and  more  magnificent 
than  the  far-famed  American  Bottoms,  below  St.  Louis.  Here 
excellent  corn  has  been  raised  by  the  half  breeds  for  many 
years.  The  soil  is  a  black,  sandy  loam — kind,  warm,  and  quick ; 
and  produces  much  earlier  in  the  season  than  farms  in  the 
same  latitude  east.  Emigrants  to  California  and  Oregon,  who 
are  aware  of  this  fact,  prefer  to  cross  the  Missouri  River,  at 
Parkville,  and  take  the -great  road  up  the  Kanzas  Valley,  on 
the  north  side,  on  this  account.  They  find  most  excellent  graz- 
ing for  their  stock  by  the  1st  of  April,  often  earlier.  We  have 
not  seen  a  swamp  or  wet  slough,  nor  any  stagnant  water,  in  the 
valley  drained  by  the  Kanzas  River.  The  streams,  generally 
speaking,  flow  over  gravelly  beds;  most  of  the  bottoms  are 
high  ;  the  few  that  are  low  are  of  a  dry,  sandy  character ;  and 
the  prairies  are  rolling  enough  to  drain  off  the  water  freely. 

Passing  the  west  line  of  the  Pattawatomie  nation,  we  entered 
upon  open  prairie,  often  reaching  the  river  on  both  sides ;  now 
and  then  a  small  grove,  and  a  light  fringe  of  timber  on  the 
banks.  On  the  right,  in  a  great  prairie  bottom,  in  a  bend  of 
the  river  extending  back  to  Rock  Creek,  Mr.  Perry  has  made  a 
selection  for  a  stock  farm ;  and  a  little  way  above  his  claim 
there  is  another  great  bend,  offering  a  tempting  inducement  to 
some  other  enterprising  farmer  who  has  a  taste  for  stock  rais- 
ing. Beyond  this  we  passed  a  large  grove  of  timber  on  the 
right,  and  then  passed  a  most  appropriate  bluff  for  a  town  site 
— the  first  we  saw  for  several  miles.  Here  we  saw  Blue  Hill, 
which  is  a  prominent  landmark  overlooking  the  mouth  of  Blue 
river.  From  this  point  upward,  the  bluffs  are  higher  and  more 
abrupt,  and  the  country  back  more  elevated  and  broken.  Here 
we  saw  a  large  eagle  nest,  out  of  which  the  old  bird  looked  an- 
grily at  us,  for  intruding  on  its  pre-emption ;  but  she,  too, 
must  give  way,  with  the  red  skins,  to  manifest  destiny.  A 
little  way  above,  another  huge  buffalo  floated  past;  he  may 
have  been  anxious  to  slake  his  thirst  in  the  Republican  or 
Smokyhill,  lost  foothold,  and  got  carried  away  by  the  rolling 
flood. 

Passing  the  mouth  'of  the  Blue,  which  comes  in  from  the 
north,  (as  nearly  all  the  tributaries  of  Kanzas  do,)  and  appears 


15 

to  be  navigable  for  some  distance,  we  were  pleased  with  its  fine 
bottoms  and  long  streak  of  timber;  while  on  the  left,  were 
conical  bluffs  and  high  prairie  mounds,  with  figured  lines,  and 
steps  rising  one  above  another  in  the  distance,  contributing  to 
the  scenery  a  very  romantic  appearance.  Immediately  above 
this  important  tributary,  there  is  another  beautiful  prairie  bot- 
tom, sloping  back  northward  farther  than  we  could  see ;  and  on 
the  left,  still  another,  containing  more  than  2000  acres,  in  a 
bend  not  more  than  three-fourths  of  a  mile  across  the  neck. — 
The  enticing  features  of  the  latter  are — a  little  grove  of  timber 
on  the  height,  a  cool  gushing  spring,  and  plenty  of  rock  at 
hand  in  the  bluff,  with  which  to  raise  an  enduring  fence  over 
the  narrow  isthmus.  The  world  does  not  present  a  more  excel- 
lent situation  for  a  stock  farm  ;  indeed,  the  whole  line  of  the 
main  river  and  branches,  from  here  upward,  may  be  said  to  be 
adapted  for  a  continuous  series  of  such  farms.  On  the  right 
a  bluff  comes  into  the  river,  the  first  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Blue,  offering  an  appropriate  town  site ;  and  we  saw  stakes  set 
on  the  slope,  as  well  as  a  tent  or  cabin  back  on  the  high  prairie 
— indicating  that  our  countrymen  were  there.  Just  above, 
there  is  a  clear,  running  stream,  and  a  line  of  timber  reaching 
far  back.  From  this  to  the  Fort,  the  river  winds  like  a  natural 
canal,  through  green  flowery^  meadows,  with  similar  scenery  in 
the  distance.  On  the  left,  we  saw  some  splendid  country  for 
farms,  up  the  valley  of  a  stream,  the  name  of  which  we  do  not 
recollect ;  there  were  fine  groves  of  timber,  and  rich  valley  land. 
We  understand  that  several  claims  have  been  made  there. 

On  Monday  night,  just  before  reaching  Fort  Riley,  we  were 
overtaken  by  a  tremendous  thunder  storm.  We  were  surrounded 
by  prairie ;  and  the  captain  had  to  lay  his  craft  close  to  the 
shore,  and  cast  anchor,  there  being  no  stump  or  tree  to  hitch  to. 
He  is  of  opinion,  that  there  should  not  be  a  cabin  on  steamers 
navigating  these  prairie  rivers,  where  the  winds  sometimes 
sweep  along  with  unbroken  violence.  We  saw  the  Pilot  Mounds 
in  the  distance,  where  the  military  road  leaves  the  Kanzas  bot- 
toms, and  passes  through  a  depression  in  the  bluff  to  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Blue.  We  passed  some  small  creeks  on  the  right, 
with  settlements  on  them ;  and  Clark's  Creek,  on  the  left, 
affording  some  fine  timbered  lands,  and  good  springs. 

A  little  after  sunrise,  on  Tuesday  morning,  we  neared  Fort 
Riley — its  fine  stone  buildings  looming  up  grandly  in  the  sun- 
beams. It  is  located  at  the  junction  of  the  Republican  and 
Smokyhill  forks  of  the  Kanzas,  on  the  second  bench  or  roll  of  the 
prairie,  having  higher  bluffs  immediately  behind,  from  which 


16 

the  building  rock  is  quarried.  It  is  soft  limestone,  easily  cut 
into  with  a  pick,  and  can  be  split  into  any  shape ;  we  noticed 
the  same  horizontal  strata  cropping  out  at  all  elevated  points 
in  the  prairie.  Crossing  the  Pawnee  or  Republican  fork  by  the 
Government  bridge,  we  had  a  good  view  of  the  fine  country  be- 
tween the  two  rivers,  which  rises  gracefully  backward  in  high, 
swelling  prairies.  Here  there  is  a  saw  mill  just  started.  We 
strolled  up  the  Republican,  gathered  some  black  raspberries, 
and  crossed  a  spring  branch,  then  mounted  a  high  bluff,  whence 
we  could  see  the  beautiful  Republican  Valley  a  long  way  up.  It 
is  nearly  three  miles  wide,  high,  dry,  and  level,  with  a  loose, 
black,  rich  soil.  The  river  flows  in  a  serpentine  course  through 
the  prairie  bottoms,  at  some  bends  making  nearly  a  circuit  of 
six  or  eight  miles,  and  coming  back  to  within  a  mile  of  itself 
again — the  banks  generally  having  a  light  fringe  of  timber,  with 
occasional  groves  near  the  water's  edge,  in  the  ravines,  and  on 
the  bluffs.  This  is  truly  a  delightful  valley — the  most  inviting 
for  settlement  we  ever  saw. 

The  '  Excel '  made  a  short  trip  up  Smokyhill,  Lieut.  Sargent, 
from  the  Fort,  accompanied  us.  We  had  an  exciting  time.  The 
constant  announcement  from  the  man  who  heaved  the  lead,  was, 
'No  bottom.'  The  river  was  full,  and  the  current  strong,  but 
we  had  great  difficulty  in  getting  round  the  short  bends  ;  —  it 
keeps  on  the  course  of  the  main  Kanzas,  coming  a  little  more 
from  the  south-west.  There  is  more  timber  on  this  river  than 
on  the  Kanzas  above  Pattawatomie,  and  the  soil  is  better.  We 
observed  a  deep  marl  deposit  on  the  bluffs,  beneath  black  soil, 
and  the  bottoms  inclined  up  prettily  from  the  river.  A  lictle 
way  up,  we  saw  a  band  of  Fox  Indians  crossing  over,  going 
north  on  a  buffalo-hunt ;  and  their  motley  procession  stretched 
along  over  the  prairies  for  miles.  Here  and  there  in  the  party 
was  carried  a  pole,  with  a  swan's  neck  or  eagle's  head  and  tail, 
&c.,  stuck  upon  it  for  a  flag.  They  had  with  them  about  five 
hundred  horses,  all  of  which  looked  well.  Great  was  the  sur- 
prise manifested  on  seeing  the  '  Excel '  puffing  along  up  these 
unknown  waters ;  but,  poor  fellows  !  the  startling  scream  of  the 
shrill  steam  whistle,  and  the  impetuous  snorting  of  the  iron- 
horse,  will  soon  scare  off  the  buffalo  and  other  game  from  your 
hunting-grounds,  to  return  no  more  —  you  too  must  follow  in 
their  trail,  or  succumb  to  the  irresistible  influence  of  civi- 
lization. 

Some  forty  miles  up  Smokyhill,  an  extensive  bed  of  gypsum 
has  been  found,  specimens  of  which  have  been  tested  and  proved 
to  be  of  superior  quality ;  we  brought  a  small  specimen  home 


17 

with  us.  Salt  is  also  alleged  ^to  be  very  abundant  on  the  Saline 
fork ;  the  waters  of  the  Smokyhill  are  often  quite  brackish, 
and  when  the  boilers  of  the  '  Excel '  are  filled  from  that  river, 
there  is  a  slight  incrustation  of  salt  deposited.  Specimens  of 
coal,  both  bituminous  and  anthracite,  and  of  tin,  lead,  and  iron 
ore,  have  been  brought  in.  Hints  have  been  given  that  gold 
abounds,  but  in  parts  —  unknown!  There  cannot  be  a  doubt, 
however,  that  valuable  minerals  will  be  found  cropping  oat 
beneath,  or  interspersed  in  the  primitive  formation,  as  we  ascend 
toward  the  Kocky  Mountains.  The  country  rises  very  rapidly 
in  that  direction  from  Fort  Riley ;  up  the  Republican,  for  in- 
stance, the  ascent,  in  the  first  three  hundred  miles,  is  said  to 
be  two  thousand  feet.  The  rock  in  vicinity  of  Smokyhill  is 
principally  limestone ;  and  the  river  bottoms  are  a  sandy  loam. 
The  upland  prairies  are  broken,  but  of  black,  rich  soil,  par- 
ticularly where  limestone  predominates ;  the  valleys  are  also 
very  rich,  and  the  soil  mellow.  Passing  over  the  high  uplands, 
often  there  is  nothing  to  be  seen  but  prairie  spreading  out 
beyond,  till  it  is  lost  in  dim  distance ;  when  all  at  once,  as  if 
by  magic,  you  come  upon  a 

'  Woody  valley,  warm  and  IOAV,' — 

with  fine  springs  and  clear  running  water.  This  is,  indeed,  a 
well-watered  region,  and  must  be  salubrious  and  healthy.  We 
previously  mentioned  the  scarcity  of  timber  above  Pattawatomie ; 
it  may  here  be  added,  that  it  is  inadequate  to  supply  what 
would  be  needed  for  agricultural  purposes,  and  hardly  sufficient 
for  firewood.  Here  and  to  the  westward,  a  new  era  in  agricul- 
ture must  be  inaugurated  —  a  new  system  must  be  practised, 
Nature  demands  that  it  should  be  so.  Instead  of  clearing 
timber  lands,  as  in  Eastern  States,  the  citizen-farmers  of  Kanzas 
must  grow  their  timber.  There  is  fuel  wanted,  but  coal,  in 
many  places,  can  be  got  with  little  labor ;  houses  must  be  built, 
and  fences  made,  but  in  the  absence  of  sufficient  timber,  excel- 
lent rock  for  all  purposes  can  be  procured  in  abundance ;  or,  for 
fencing,  the  farmer  can  hedge  himself  in  most  completely  with 
Osage  Orange.  The  country  abounds  with  the  most  luscious 
grapes.  Stock  of  all  kinds  are  remarkably  healthy  ;  and  these 
rolling  prairies  will  make  the  finest  sheep-walks  in  the  world. 
In  fact,  this  may  be  designated  the  PASTORAL  REGION  OF  AMERICA. 
The  gardens  at  Fort  Riley  look  well ;  and  we  procured  some 
beautiful  wild  prairie  flowers. 

The  difficulty  of  navigating  the  Smokyhill  with  a  stern-wheel 
steamer  of  such  length  as  the  'Excel,'  prevented  Capt.  Baker 
3 


18 

from  venturing  so  far  up  as  lie  otherwise  would.  A  shorter 
side-wheel  steamer,  of  very  light  draught,  adapted  to  the  navi- 
gation of  these  interior  rivers,  will  soon  be  put  on  the  trade. 
We  left  Fort  Kiley  on  the  return  trip,  on  Wednesday  morning, 
and  came  down  '  kiteing.'  Passing  rapidly  in  review  the 
splendid  scenery  of  which  we  have  attempted  to  make  hasty 
memoranda,  we  entered  the  Missouri  about  daylight  next  morn- 
ing. 

Before  concluding  these  brief  notes,  it  must  be  remarked  —  in 
reference  to  the  productions  and  climate  of  Kanzas  Territory  — 
that  there  are,  no  doubt,  superior  hemp  lands  in  its  central  and 
western  portions ;  but  Nature  unmistakably  indicates  stock- 
raising  as  the  proper  and  most  profitable  occupation  for  the 
farmers  who  shall  settle  there.  In  the  great  Kanzas  Valley 
below  Pattawatomie,  and  in  the  eastern  region  along  the  Mis- 
souri, there  are  some  of  the  finest  hemp  lands  in  the  world. 
Wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  vegetables,  grow  as  well  there  as  in  any 
of  the  Western  States.  Those  in  the  Platte  Purchase,  imme- 
diately east  of  the  Missouri  River,  who  attend  to  fruit-growing, 
say  that  their  apples,  peaches,  plums,  &c.,  cannot  be  surpassed 
anywhere ;  we  can  see  no  reason  why  as  much  may  not  be  said 
of  the  same  crops  in  the  region  across  the  river. 

The  winters  are  generally  dry  and  pleasant,  and  the  roads 
fine ;  but  little  snow  falls,  and  this  lays  on  the  ground  only  for 
a  short  time.  Sometimes,  however,  there  are  very  'cold  spells' 
of  weather,  but  they  are  not  of  long  duration.  For  instance, 
the  masons  in  Parkville,  Platte  Co.,  Mo.,  quarried  and  laid 
stone  last  winter  with  but  little  interruption  on  account  of  the 
weather.  Common  cattle,  colts,  mules,  and  sheep,  can  be  wint- 
ered on  blue-grass,  provided  the  pastures  are  allowed  to  grow 
up  in  the  Fall,  and  the  stock  have  a  little  corn  or  hay  occa- 
sionally. February  and  March  are  frequently  quite  pleasant, 
and  much  plowing  can  be  done  in  the  mellow  dry  loam  of  the 
Kanzas  \ralley.  The  summers  are  quite  warm  and  long,  the 
thermometer  (Fahr.)  not  unfrequently  marking  up  to  near  one 
hundred  degrees  in  the  shade.  The  high  prairies,  however,  are 
generally  fanned  by  cool  refreshing  breezes ;  and  as  we  ascend 
the  branches  of  the  Kanzas  from  Fort  Kiley,  there  is  a  rapid 
rise  to  a  cooler  region.  In  May  and  June  there  is  a  super- 
abundance of  rais ;  but  the  latter  end  of  summer  and  fall  are 
generally  dry. 


Having  been  across  the  Territory  many  times  in  course  of  the 
last  fifteen  years,  we  give  these  remarks  as  the  result  of  our 
experience." 

In  regard  to  the  productiveness  of  the  soil,  and  the  most  fa- 
vorable time  for  immigrating  to  Kanzas,  attention  is  directed 
to  the  following  Letter,  written  by  a  gentleman  well  known  to 
the  Secretary,  and  upon  whose  opinion  reliance  may  be  placed. 

INDEPENDENCE,  Mo.  JULY  17,   1854. 

Dear  Sir, — In  my  wanderings  to  and  fro  in  this  region,  I  find 
myself,  to  night,  in  this  pleasant  town,  where  are  some  fine 
buildings,  good  land,  and  enterprising  citizens. 

The  Court  house,  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  square  that 
occupies  the  centre  of  the  village,  is  truly  an  elegant  building. 
There  are  also  at  least  two  large  and  well  kept  hotels,  as  well 
as  a  great  number  of  stores,  good  dwelling  houses,  &c.,  in  the 
town.  The  land,  like  that  in  Kanzas  Territory,  is  rolling,  rich 
an'd  beautiful,  and  yields  immense  crops  of  corn,  hemp,  tobacco, 
and  of  almost  any  thing  else  that  can  be  raised  in  the  United 
States.  I  have  passed  cornfields,  to-day,  where  some  of  the 
corn  was  so  tall  that  the  tallest  man  sitting  on  the  tallest 
horse  in  Massachusetts  would  be  unable*  to  reach  the  top,  and 
that,  too,  when  it  has  just  commenced  to  tassel  out,  and  before 
the  stalk  has  completed  its  growth.  I  am  told  that  when  the 
corn  is  harvested,  only  the  tallest  of  the  laborers  can  reach 
some  of  the  corn  without  breaking  down  the  stalks.  Judging 
from  the  present  appearance  of  the  corn  here,  and  of  that  in 
Illinois,  when  I  passed  through  that  State,  the  yield  of  this 
will  be  nearly  or  quite  twice  as  much  as  that.  In  fact,  I  never 
saw  any  thing  like  the  corn  here,  nor  "  dreamed  of  it  in  my 
philosophy."  A  very  intelligent  and  systematic  Belgian  farmer, 
in  Kanzas,  a  few  days  since,  gave  me  some  of  his  experience  in 
farming,  with  hired  slaves  for  his  laborers.  According  to  his 
experience,  last  year,  which  was  not  so  good  as  some,  on  ac- 
count of  the  dry  weather,  he  will  have  this  Fall,  when  his  harv- 
esting is  done,  as  follows : 

Corn,  eighty-five  acres,  with  sixty-five  bushels  to  the  acre,  at 
50  cts.  a  bushel,  amounting  to  $2,762 

Wheat  10  acres,  20  bushels  to  the  acre,  at  $1,00,  making     200 
Oats,  26  acres,  40         "         "          "  30,       "          312 

Timothy  grass,  12  acres,  2  tons  to  the  acre  10,00,       "          240 
Clover,  2£  acres  for  the  swine. 
Potatoes,  1  acre,  200  bushels,  at  40c.,  making  80 


20 

These  products  amount  to  $3,594.  In  addition  to  this  he 
lias  150  swine,  which,  when  ready  for  the  knife,  will  weigh  230 
Ibs.  each,  if  as  good  as  last  year,  and  which  at  six  cents  a 
pound,  will  come  to  $2,070.  Deducting  18  bushels  of  corn  at 
50  cents  a  bushel  for  each  hog,  will  leave  $720  ;  which,  added 
to  the  first,  makes  $4,314.  The  work  on  his  farm,  including 
the  garden,  general  improvements,  &c.,  is  done  by  five  men,  or 
hired  slaves,  while  the  owner  simply  superintends  it. 

From  ten  to  fifteen  hundred  pounds  of  hemp  to  the  acre  is  an 
average  crop  for  this  land,  and  the  price  the  year  past  has  been 
from  120  to  150  dollars  a  ton.  Pumpkins,  melons,  apples, 
peaches,  and  fruit  of  all  kinds,  grow  here  in  abundance  if 
planted.  Such  is  the  land  in  Kanzas  town,  and  such,  also,  is 
the  land  in  Kanzas  Territory ;  for  it  is  of  the  same  general 
character.  Let  it  be  remembered  that  such  crops  as  the  above 
are  raised  without  a  spoonful  of  manure,  and  that,  too,  from 
year  to  year  for  all  time  to  come,  for  aught  I  know.  I  have 
seen  corn  growing  on  land  that  has  been  planted  for  twenty 
3  ears  in  succession,  and  there  was  no  apparent  difference  be- 
ta een  it,  and  the  corn  on  new  land.  Also,  let  the  New  England 
farmer  remember,  that  to  raise  from  60  to  80  bushels  of  corn 
to  the  acre  here,  no  hoeing  is  required.  The  only  work  requi- 
site after  planting  is  to  plow  amongst  it  a  few  times,  and  such 
work  as  "weeding,"  "half  hilling,"  and  "hilling"  is  un- 
known. The  price  of  this  land  is,  for  unimproved,  from  25 
to  40  dollars  an  acre ;  and  for  improved  land,  from  40  to  100 
dollars.  This  is  the  price  of  all  the  land  bordering  on  the  Ter- 
ritory for  several  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Kanzas  river, 
and  it  will  soon  be  higher — for  there  is  comparatively  but  little 
such  land  in  the  United  States  as  this.  The  land  all  through 
the  Kanzas  river  valley,  in  the  Territory,  is  equally  as  good  as 
that  above  described,  and  worth  as  much  to  the  acre,  and  will 
produce  as  large  crops.  Is  it  to  be  wondered  at,  then,  that 
every  young  man  in  Missouri,  and  every  old  man,  also, 
who  has  not  already  a  farm  of  the  same  quality  of  his  own, 
should  be  rushing  into  the  Territory  to  secure  160  acres,  for 
$1,25  an  acre,  when  he  knows  it  will  be  worth  from  $25  to 
$100  the  moment  he  gets  his  title?  Eather  is  it  not  strange, 
and  wonderful  that,  at  least,  one  hundred  thousand  persons 
from  New  England,  are  not  on  their  way  to  this  garden  of  the 
world,  at  this  moment  ?  That  such  would  be  the  case  I  have 
no  doubt,  if  the  good  qualities  of  the  land,  climate,  &c.,  were 
understood  by  them  as  well  as  they  are  by  those  in  Missouri  on 
the  borders.  The  rush  from  this  State  to  Kanzas  Territory,  is 


21 

not  so  much  to  secure  a  foothold  for  slavery  there,  as  to  secure 
&  fortune,  notwithstanding  what  the  newspapers  say  about  it. 
No ;  most  who  go  from  here  are  young  men,  in  want  of  farms ; 
and  slavery,  to  say  the  least,  is  a  secondary  matter  with  them, 
if  indeed,  they  are  not  opposed  to  its  introduction  into  Kanzas, 
which  is  certainly  the  case  with  many. 

You  ask,  when  is  the  best  time  for  New  England  men  to  go 
to  Kanzas  ?  Unquestionably  the  best  time  is  this  Fall.  By 
coming  now,  they  can  select  from  the  best  of  the  land  now  open 
to  settlement,  as  well  as  get  their  cabins  and  fences  made,  and 
their  land  plowed  ready  for  Spring  work.  The  winters,  I  an? 
told,  are  so  mild,  that  out  door  work  can  be  done  with  comfort, 
such  as  splitting  rails,  fencing,  building  houses,  &c.,  during 
most  of  the  season.  Besides,  if  they  would  be  represented  in 
the  first  Territorial  Legislature  of  Kanzas,  they  must  be  on  the 
ground  soon. 

At  some  other  time,  I  will  speak  of  the  inducements  fqr  me- 
chanics to  settle  in  Kanzas  and  western  Missouri. 

As  much  interest  is  manifested  in  respect  to  the  Pioneer 
Party,  which  left  Boston,  July  17th,  a  Letter  from  onfe  of  the 
number,  communicated  to  the  Boston  Journal,  is  subjoined. 

THE  NEW  ENGLAND  EMIGRATION  TO  KANZAS. 

ST.  Louis,  STEAMER  "POLAR  STAR." 

July  24,  1854. 

Mr.  Editor : — Our  Pioneer  Party  to  Kanzas  have  reached  this 
point  on  their  journey  from  Boston  to  the  American  '  Central 
Flowery  Land.'  Although  the  weather  has  been  unusually 
warm,  the  journey  has  been  pleasant,  and  every  man  is  in  the 
enjoyment  of  excellent  health.  All  look  forward  with  good 
spirits  to  their  entrance  upon  the  new  homes  beyond  the  Mis- 
souri. The  company  consists  of  thirty  men,  all  of  whom  are 
men  of  intelligence  and  discreetness,  and  some  of  cultivation, 
and  even  of  considerable  property.  The  railroad  agents,  hotel 
keepers,  and  others  in  the  western  cities,  who  had  been  par- 
tially led  to  expect,  from  the  ridiculous  reports  set  afloat  in 
pro  slavery  journals  of  the  South,  a  flood  of  paupers,  foreign 
and  domestic,  collected  from  the  streets  of  Northern  cities, 
were  astonished.  They  counted  not  upon  seeing  a  body  of  sober 
and  substantial  citizens,  embracing,  besides  men  of  the  four 
Professions  of  theology,  law,  medicine  and  teaching,  several  en- 


22 

terprising  master  manufacturers  and  mechanics  and  sturdy 
farmers.  From  the  character  of  the  present  party  of  emigrants, 
the  Country  may  expect  soon  to  see  in  Kanzas  a  flourishing 
community,  based  on  the  old  upright  New  England  principles, 
and  the  wealth  of  several  of  them,  and  of  those  connected  in 
business  with  them  at  home,  will  enable  them  quickly  to  put 
up  saw  mills  and  other  manufactories.  Such  in  fact  is  the  in- 
tention. 

No  where  has  the  Party  been  more  kindly  received  than  in 
St.  Louis.  We  are  visited  daily  by  intelligent  citizens,  who 
express  a  warm  interest  in  the  movement.  We  are  assured 
that  throughout  the  State  the  great  bulk  of  the  honest  inhabi- 
tants desire  just  such  a  neighbor  State  as  an  encouraged  emi- 
gration from  the  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  North  would 
make  of  Kanzas.  The  Jackson  and  Platte  County  resolutions 
are  denounced  in  the  strongest  terms,  and  you  will  see  that  al- 
ready the  back  track  is  taken,  and  that  some  of  the  papers  in 
that  section  of  the  State  are  endeavoring  to  put  a  very  harmless 
construction  upon  them,  and  one  altogether  different  from  the 
obvious  meaning.  Wre  are  told  that  at  another  meeting,  held 
in  one  of  the  border  counties  quite  recently,  similar  resolutions 
against "  Northern  emigration  were  voted  down,  eight  to  one. 
We  apprehend  no  trouble.  Popular  sentiment  has  b?en  too  de- 
cidedly manifested  against  the  fanaticism  of  the  late  Jackson 
County  meeting.  However,  ccme  what  may,  our  thirty  New 
Englanders  are  not  likely  to  be  terrified  by  bravado,  and  whilst 
they  disclaim  any  interference  with  Missouri  slaveholders,  will 
not  be  imposed  upon  themselves. 

It  is  right  to  say  that  the  party  feel  entirely  satisfied  with 
the  operations  of  the  Emigrant  Aid  Company.  A  meeting  was 
held  at  the  City.  Hotel,  in  St.  Louis,  on  Saturday  evening,  of 
which  Hugh  Cameron,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  was  Chairman,  and 
Edwin  Davenport,  of  Boston,  Secretary.  After  making  a  thor- 
ough organization  of  themselves  for  effectual  co-operation  and 
protection,  a  series  of  resolutions  expressive  of  the  high  confi- 
dence entertained  in  the  Massachusetts  Emigrant  Aid  Society 
was  passed.  They  were  forwarded  to  the  officers  of  that  Soci- 
ety, and  will  be  published  by  them  if  they  think  fit. 

We  start  in  the  "Polar  Star,"  tomorrow  evening,  and  will 
disembark  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kanzas  Eiver.  There  we  shall 
meet  with  the  Company's  guides.  I  will  write  you  again. 

After  an  exceedingly  hot  day,  it  is  now  (4  o'clock)  raining 
heavily,  accompanied  with  very  heavy  thunder. 

ClIARLESTOWN. 


23 

The  following  are  the  Resolutions  referred  to  on  the  preceding 
page,  viz : 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  entire  number  of  the  Kanzas  Pioneer 
Party  from  the  New  England  and  Middle  States,  have  implicit 
confidence  in  the  Emigrant  Aid  Company,  and  would  recommend 
all  persons  intending  to  emigrate  to  Kanzas,  to  do  so  under  their 
auspices. 

Resolved,  That  we  heartily  thank  the  Emigrant  Aid  Compa- 
ny, for  directing  attention  to,  and  thus  far  carrying  out,  the  ob-, 
jects  for  which  they  have  been  incorporated. 

Resolved,  That  the  Officers  and  Employees  connected  with  the 
several  Railroad  Companies,  over  which  we  have  travelled,  have 
shown  us  great  favor,  and  are  entitled  to  and  hereby  receive  our 
thanks. 

THE  PIONEER  PARTY.— Charles  H.  Branscomb,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Com- 
pany' s -Agents,  went  up  with  the  Pioneer  Party,  and  located  them  on  a  beau- 
tiful tract  of  land  previously  selected  by  him  as  tin  advantageous  position  for 
a  town  site.  This  spot  is  situated  six  miles  above  the  Wakarusa,  a  tributary 
of  the  Kanzas  River,  and  about  35  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  stream, 
on  its  south  side.  For  a  brief  description,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  para- 
graph commencing  on  page  11,  and  continued  on  page  12  of  this  pamphlet. 

Mr.  P..  travelled  in  various  sections  of  the  Territory,  and  says  it  is  impossi- 
ble for  one  who  has  not  been  in  that  region  to  conceive  of  its  beauty  and  fer- 
tility ;  he  confirms  all  the  statements  that  have  been  made  respecting  it  in  our 
pamphlet. 

The  SECOND  PARTY  left  this  city,  on  Tuesday,  the  29th  of  August.— 
They  reached  Kanzas  City  Sept.  6th,  and  entered  the  Territory  under  the  guid- 
ance of  Charles  Robinson  and  S.  L.  Pomeroy,  Agents  of  the  Co.  They  were 
cordially  received  by  the  Pioneer  Party,  and  have  made  a  joint  settlement,  at 
the  beatiful  site  selected  by  Mr.  Branscomb. 

The  THIRD  PARTY,  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Branscomb,  (who  has 
returned  twice  from  Kanzas  since  July)  left  Boston  Sept.  26th  ;  it  numbered 
eighty-six  persons,  to  which  accessions  were  made  at  Worcester,  Rochester, 
and  elsewhere  Westward.  Messrs.  Pomeroy  and  Robinson  are  making  great 
exertions  to  accommodate  the  parties  for  the  Winter,  and  to  provide  the  ma- 
terials for  the  erection  of  houses  in  the  Spring.  This  pressure  of  business 
involves  a  large  expenditure ;  which  their  experience  will  enable  them  to  make 
with  prudence  and  discretion.  But  their  drafts  cannot  be  met  with  the 
Funds  in  the  hands  of  the  Trustees,  unless  "material  aid"  furnished  by  those 
who  wish  for  success  to  the  enterprise  shall  be  very  much  greater  than  it  has 
been  thus  far. 

The  FOURTH  PARTY  will  leave  this  City,  Oct.  17th,  at 
2J  o'clock,  P.  M. 

The  fare,  for  a  first  class  passage,  and  no  other  is  recom- 
mended, will  be  $25  from  Boston  to  Kanzas  City,  Mo.  Children 
from  3  to  1 2  years  of  age,  half  price,  under  3  years,  free. — 
Meals,  fyc.,  extra,  which  need  not  average,  while  on  the  road, 
more  than  20  cents.  The  charge  for  meals  and  state-rooms 


24 

on  board  the  boat  from  St.  Louis  to  the  point  of  disembarkation 
is  but  $5,  however  long  the  passage  may  be ;  the  passenger  be- 
ing also  provided  for  from  the  time  of  taking  his  ticket,  though 
the  boat  should  not  leave  St.  Louis,  for  several  days. 

Each  whole  ticket  entitles  a  person  to  100  Ibs.  of  baggage ; 
all  excess,  will  cost  from  here  to  Buffalo,  $2,50  per  hundred; 
and  be  liable  to  a  corresponding  charge  thence  to  St.  Louis ; 
from  St.  Louis  to  Kanzas  City  the  excess  may  be  charged  one 
cent  per  Ib.  If  sent  in  freight  train,  the  charge  will  be  from 
Boston  to  St.  Louis  via  Railroad,  $2,50  per  hundred ;  from  St. 
Louis,  as  above. 

"THE  HERALD   OF  FREEDOM." 

It  was  early  announced  that  the  Emigrant  Aid  Company  would  take  the 
necessary  steps  for  the  introduction  of  the  Press,  and  the  publication  of  a  Pa- 
per within  the  Territory.  The  Secretary  is  now  enabled  "to  announce  that 
arrangements  have  been  made  with  G.  W.  Brown,  late  Proprietor  of  the  Cou- 
rier, published  at  Conneautville,  Pa.,  and  that  at  an  early  day  he  wjjl  com- 
mence "  at  the  seat  of  government  of  Kanzas  Territory,  an  Independent 
Weekly  Newspaper,  devoted  to  the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  Great 
West,  and  particularly  to  the  interests  of  Kanzas  Valley.  It  will  defend  the 
principles  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  together  with  the  compromises 
of  the  Constitution,  as  understood^  by  its  framers.  In  favor  of  the  greatest  area 
of  freedom,  it  will  labor  to  prevent  the  extension  of  any  institution  over  the 
new  territory  incompatible  therewith.  As  this  will  prove  the  most  reliable 
source  of  information  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  condition  and  success 
of  the  colonists,  Mr.  Brown  confidently  anticipates  a  large  number  of  sub- 
scribers from  among  their  relatives  and  friends." 

TERMS  : — Two  Dollars  per  annum,  invariably  in  advance. 

Those  desirous  of  subscribing,  can  send  their  names,  direction,  and  the 
amount  of  their  subscription  to  THOMAS  H.  WEBB,  Secretary  of  the  Emigrant 
Aid  Society,  Boston,  Mass.  Agents  desirous  of  canvassing  any  particular  State , 
or  portion  of  a  State,  will  apply  as  above,  for  all  necessary  information. 


FORM    OF 


FOR 


AUXILIARY  SOCIETIES. 


CONSTITUTION 


OP 


Emigrant  Aid  Society* 


ARTICLE  I. 

The  design  of  this  Society  is,  by  co-operation  with  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Company,  to  protect  emigrants  from  fraud ;  to  pro- 
mote the  immigration  to  Kanzas  Territory  of  persons  opposed  to 
the  institution  of  slavery  there,  and  to  prevent,  by  all  legal  and 
constitutional  means,  its  establishment  in  it,  as  well  as  in  other 
Territories.* 

ARTICLE  II. 

Any  person  may  become  a  member  by  signing  his  name  to 
this  Constitution,  and  paying  for  the  use  of  the  Society  the  sum 

of f  dollars ;  and  he  shall  continue  to  be  a  member  so  long 

as  he  shall  pay  such  sum  annually. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  officers  shall  be  a  President,  Vice  President,  seven 
Directors,  Treasurer,  and  Secretary,  to  be  elected  first  on  the 
formation  of  the  Society,  and  thereafter  at  the  annual  meetings. 
The  President,  Vice  President,  and  Treasurer,  shall  be  ex-omciis 
members  of  the  Board  ef  Directors. 


*  This  is  the  first  Company  established,  and  to  prevent  mistakes  should  be 
addressed  as  the  "EMIGRANT  AID  COMPANY  OF  MASSACHUSETTS."  Another 
Company  has  been  formed,  whose  head  quarters  is  New  York  City,  of  which 
Mr.  ELI  THAYER,  one  of  the  Massachusetts  Trustees,  is  President.  This 
Company  proposes  shortly  to  commence  operations,  and  to  send  forward  those 
who  wish  to  emigrate  under  its  auspices.  Branch  Societies,  called  Leagues, 
have  been  formed  in  several  towns  ;  the  principal  one  is  at  Worcester,  Mass., 
of  which  A.  H.  Bulloch  is  President,  and  W.  W.  Rice,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Edw.  E.  Hale,  of  Worcester,  has  published  a  work  entitled  "  Kanzas 
and  Nebraska,"  which  contains  much  interesting  and  valuable  historical  infor- 
mation. 

f  This  sum  will  be  less  in  the  country  towns  than  in  the  large  towns. 


ARTICLE  IV. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  to  receive  and  keep  the 
names  and  residences  of  all  persons  desirous  of  immigrating  to 
Kanzas  ;  to  agree  upon  the  time  and  manner  of  their  departure, 
and  to  confer  with  the  Trustees  of  the  Parent  Society  in  Boston 
in  regard  to  the  same.  He  shall  be  the  official  organ  of  commu- 
nication, both  of  the  Society  and  of  the  Trustees. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  funds  shall  be  received  and  kept  by  the  Treasurer,  until 
forwarded  to  the  Trustees  in  Boston,  or  otherwise  appropriated 
by  a  majority  of  the  Directors ;  and  no  appropriation  shall  be 
made  in  contravention  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
or  of  the  existing  laws  of  the  land. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

By-laws  shall  be  adopted  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Society, 
and  the  same  may  be  altered  or  amended  at  any  annual  meet- 
ing. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  Directors  may  fill  any  vacancies  in  their  Board,  or  in  the 
other  offices  occurring  between  the  annual  meetings. 


BY-LAWS. 


ARTICLE  I. 

A  majority  of  the  Directors  shall  be  a  quorum  for  the  trans- 
action of  business. 

ARTICLE  II. 

Two  of  the  Directors  shall  be  appointed  a  Finance  Committee, 
to  advise  with  the  Treasurer,  and  to  examine  his  accounts  and 
vouchers. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Society  shall  be  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  He  shall  receive  such  compensation  for  his 
services  as  the  Trustees  shall  determine. 


4 

ARTICLE  it. 

The  President  or  Vice  President  shall  sign  every  order  upon 
the  Treasurer  for  the  payment  of  money  ;  and  no  order  shall  be 
given  or  appropriation  made  except  at  an  authorized  meeting  of 
the  Directors. 

ARTICLE  Y. 

Two  of  the  Directors  shall  Ibe  an  Executive  Committee,  to 
confer  with  the  Secretary ;  to  advise  and  assist  him ;  also  to 
a  tsistthe  Treasurer  in  the  collection  of  money. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

The  Directors  shall  hold  monthly  meetings ;  and  special 
meetings  shall  be  called  by  the  Secretary  whenever  requested  by 
the  President  or  by  two  Directors.  The  Society  shall  hold  its 
Annual  Meeting  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  and  it  shall 
also  hold  quarterly  meetings  on  the  first  Mondays  of  April, 
July,  and  October.  The  Society  shall  be  dissolved  as  soon  as  its 
objects  are  accomplished,  and  any  property  remaining  on  hand 
shall  be  divided  pro  rata  among  the  members. 


' 


AN  INITIAL  PINE  OP  25  CENTS 


LD  21-l()Ow-8,'34 


YS  20332 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


